Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, all publicly traded companies must provide investors with information to make informed investment and voting decisions. Regulation S-K was adopted in 1977 to foster uniform and integrated disclosure for registration statements and periodic and current reports under both acts. Since Regulation S-K’s adoption, the SEC has revised the disclosure requirements on numerous occasions, often expanding the requirements to ensure that investors have sufficient, material information for their investment and voting decisions.
For example, pursuant to Item 101(c)(1)(xii) of Regulation S-K, a registrant must disclose the material effects that compliance with environmental laws may have on its capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position, as well as any material estimated capital expenditures for the remainder of the fiscal year, the succeeding fiscal year and such future periods that the registrant deems material. In its Concept Release, the SEC solicits information about whether such environmental disclosure continues to be important to investors, whether such disclosure obligations should be increased or reduced, and whether the SEC should implement a specific format for this environmental disclosure. The Concept Release also seeks input on whether bright-line disclosure obligations, such as for environmental proceedings exceeding $100,000, should be utilized or whether a “materiality” standard is more appropriate.
The SEC’s Concept Release acknowledges increased attention to climate change issues, contemplating potential amendments and/or expansion of the existing disclosure obligations. First, recognizing that registrants’ risk profiles are constantly evolving, the SEC is trying to determine whether the risk factor disclosure obligations (Item 503(c)) remain effective in capturing emerging risks, such as climate change and arctic drilling-related risks. Second, since interest in environmental, social or governance disclosure is growing, the SEC seeks input on the importance of sustainability and other public policy issues to investors. Among other things, the SEC requests input on whether the existing disclosure requirements are sufficient to enable investors to evaluate climate change risk or whether increased climate change and sustainability disclosure requirements are needed.
The SEC’s Concept Release offers an excellent opportunity for interested parties to help shape the climate change-related disclosure requirements with which they will need to comply.